Etwa 5–10% der Bevölkerung in Europa weisen eine Eisenmangelanämie auf, in bestimmten
Patientengruppen mit chronischen Erkrankungen liegt der Anteil noch wesentlich höher.
Eine Anämie kann
die Symptomatik und die Prognose verschiedener Erkrankungen verschlechtern, erhöht
präoperativ das Risiko einer Bluttransfusion und korreliert mit der postoperativen
Morbidität und
Mortalität. Daher sollte jede Anämie frühzeitig diagnostiziert und therapiert werden.
Abstract
The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, followed by anemia of chronic
disease, which is due to an inflammatory reaction in chronic diseases such as heart
failure, renal failure,
rheumatoid diseases and cancer. Also from the therapeutic point of view, it is useful
to divide iron deficiency anemia into two forms: absolute and functional iron deficiency.
Absolute iron
deficiency is characterized by low iron stores and low total iron. In functional iron
deficiency, a sufficient amount of storage iron is present, but it cannot be mobilized.
Therapy of iron
deficient anemia should always eliminate the underlying cause. The goal of therapy
is sustained normalization of hemoglobin concentration and total body iron. Therapy
for absolute iron
deficiency focuses on improving iron stores, eliminating chronic blood losses, and
optimizing iron absorption via an iron-rich diet and iron supplementation. In the
case of functional iron
deficiency with inflammation present, IV iron supplementation is recommended in certain
situations in addition to treatment of the underlying disease, especially in patients
with cancer.
Schlüsselwörter
Anämiediagnostik - Anämietherapie - Eisenmangel - Eisenmangelanämie - Anämie der chronischen
Erkrankung - Erythropoese - Hämoglobin - Patient Blood Management
Keywords
Biomarker - anaemia diagnostics - anaemia therapy - iron deficiency - iron deficiency
anaemia - anaemia of chronic disease - erythropoiesis - haemoglobin - Patient Blood
Management - biomarker
